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Column 88
Column 88 was a neo-nazi paramilitary organisation based in the United Kingdom. It was formed in the early 1970s, and disbanded in the early 1980s. The members of Column 88 undertook military training under the supervision of a former Royal Marine Commando, and also held regular gatherings attended by neo-nazis from all over Europe. The name is code: the eighth letter of the alphabet 'HH' represents the Nazi greeting 'Heil Hitler'. Journalist Martin Walker described Column 88 as a "shadow paramilitary Nazi group".〔Martin Walker, ''The National Front'', Fontana, 1977, ISBN 0-00-634824-6, p. 186〕
==Formation==
A secret Nazi underground group, the origins of Column 88 have been given as early as 1945.〔Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, ''Encyclopedia of British and Irish political organisations: parties, groups and movements of the 20th century'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 181〕 Indeed, Gerry Gable has claimed that Colin Jordan was sworn in as a member of this secret society as a nineteen-year-old.〔Gerry Gable, 'The Far Right in Contemporary Britain', Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson, Michalina Ferguson, ''Neo-Fascism in Europe'', Longman, 1991, p. 247〕 According to historian Richard Thurlow, Column 88 took their name from a group of Austrians who set up an underground group of this name in 1934 when the Austrian government banned the Nazi Party.〔Richard Thurlow, ''Fascism in Britain A History, 1918-1985'', Basil Blackwell, 1987, p. 267〕
Open activity, however, did not start until 1970 when it took charge of elements of the National Socialist Group, a secret paramilitary grouping associated with the British Movement.〔 The founders of this more organised group had been followers of Colin Jordan who had become disillusioned with their former leader after he began to moderate his public utterances in the wake of the 1965 and 1968 Race Relations Acts.〔Thurlow, ''Fascism in Britain A History, 1918-1985'', p. 277〕 One of their major critques of Jordan was his decision two years earlier to disband the National Socialist Movement in order to establish the British Movement, an action which they interpreted as a retreat from Nazism.〔
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